{"id":31,"date":"2016-06-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-12T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen\/?p=31"},"modified":"2016-06-10T16:52:29","modified_gmt":"2016-06-10T20:52:29","slug":"tough-turf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/2016\/06\/12\/tough-turf\/","title":{"rendered":"Tough turf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The putting greens at Oakmont Country Club are the course\u2019s most famous, most manicured and most difficult feature. So it may come as a surprise that the coiffed grass on those greens is, in fact, a weed.<\/p>\n<p>There are many varieties of the so-called poa annua, also known as annual bluegrass, but Oakmont\u2019s is distinctive.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a perennial poa annua, and it\u2019s very unique to this site here at Oakmont,\u201d said course superintendent John Zimmers. <\/p>\n<p>When the U.S. Open, considered by many to be the toughest of golf\u2019s four major championships, comes to Oakmont this week, those uber-fast putting greens will stand out.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>Oakmont\u2019s densely packed poa has a thinner leaf blade than the grass found on most greens. This strain creates less friction than other grasses, and it sends golf balls scampering across greens like pucks on freshly Zamboni-treated ice.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe grass has evolved here and been selected through maintenance over the years,\u201d said David Delsandro, director of U.S. Open operations and projects. \u201cIt\u2019s a putting surface that\u2019s really not replicated anywhere else. So we\u2019re able to do different things that allow us to produce the green speeds and the firmness that other grasses aren\u2019t able to tolerate.\u201d <\/p>\n<div class=\"video-box\">\r\n<div style=\"display: block; padding-top: 0;\">\r\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/players.brightcove.net\/1105443290001\/19b4b681-5e7c-4b03-b1ff-050f00d0be3e_default\/index.html?videoId=4909859673001\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; left: 0px;\"><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"caption\">John Zimmers, Oakmont's course superintendent, talk about maintaining the greens. (Nate Guidry\/Pittsburgh Post-Gazette)<\/p>\n<p>As a result, he said, Oakmont cuts its greens much lower than most courses; it mows and rolls that turf more frequently; and it is able to maintain the grass at a drier state. <\/p>\n<p>Add to that the greens\u2019 sloping architecture and higher elevation, and you have a recipe for a tough golf outing. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe grass has evolved and selected itself over the years of this high-intensity maintenance to be able to withstand some of these mechanical stresses and pressures we put on it on a daily basis,\u201d Delsandro said. <\/p>\n<p>This poa is not the product of Pittsburgh\u2019s climate alone, since this variety didn\u2019t grow at the adjacent Oakmont East course (now closed) and nearby Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens. <\/p>\n<p>Rather, it appears to have adapted to the elaborate maintenance program Zimmers oversees. On a recent morning, Zimmers said it would take the grounds crew as much time to care for 3.5 acres of greens as it would to cut about 30 acres of fairways. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe mow the greens two, three times in the morning, pretty much every day,\u201d he said. \u201cAs we get closer to the championship, we\u2019ll actually mow them in the evenings as well.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The mowers themselves are a work of art. Oakmont devotes more than 20 mowers just to the greens and sharpens them every day. <\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_56\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"56\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/2016\/06\/12\/tough-turf\/openpoa\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?fit=1000%2C1000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1000,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Poa annua &#8211; known as a weed to most gardeners and golf courses &#8211; is the secret sauce behind Oakmont&#8217;s super-fast greens. (Carnegie Museum of Natural History photo)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Poa annua &#8211; known as a weed to most gardeners and golf courses &#8211; is the secret sauce behind Oakmont&#8217;s super-fast greens. (Carnegie Museum of Natural History photo)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?fit=747%2C747&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa-300x300.jpg?resize=300%2C300\" alt=\"Poa annua - known as a weed to most gardeners and golf courses - is the secret sauce behind Oakmont&#039;s super-fast greens. (Carnegie Museum of Natural History photo)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-56\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?resize=32%2C32&amp;ssl=1 32w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?resize=64%2C64&amp;ssl=1 64w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?resize=96%2C96&amp;ssl=1 96w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?resize=128%2C128&amp;ssl=1 128w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/openpoa.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poa annua &#8211; known as a weed to most gardeners and golf courses &#8211; is the secret sauce behind Oakmont&#8217;s super-fast greens. (Carnegie Museum of Natural History photo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cWe all know if you have a bad razor on your face or on your legs, it doesn\u2019t feel good,\u201d Zimmers said. \u201cThat\u2019s the same exact thing for the grass.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The greens\u2019 spa treatment also includes rolling the grass; adding fertilizer; brushing off dew and sand with a dew whip; sending soil and grass samples to a lab for testing; syringing, or cooling off, the grass; changing the hole location every day; and more. Because this variety can\u2019t currently be bred, and you can\u2019t buy Oakmont\u2019s poa, the club maintains a collection of plugs from the process of aerating the greens. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese greens have been like this really from day one,\u201d said USGA executive director and CEO Mike Davis during a press conference at the club. \u201cIf you go back [to] the 1935 U.S. Open that was played here, the players were complaining incessantly about the greens being too fast. That was 1935. In fact, some of them almost boycotted and didn\u2019t want to play.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Oakmont founder H.C. Fownes was known for testing speed by dropping a ball on the back of the second green and watching as it rolled off. Preferring a more scientific measurement, Edward Stimpson, a spectator and golfer watching the 1935 tournament at Oakmont, developed a ramp-like device to measure green speed. <\/p>\n<p>Stimpson \u201cdecided he thought the greens were too fast, but we needed a way to measure,\u201d Davis said. \u201cAnd that was the birth of the USGA Stimpmeter.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>The since-updated Stimpmeter remains the association\u2019s go-to tool for measuring green speed. The reading is calculated by taking the average distance a golf ball rolls on a green. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cOn a normal day here at Oakmont, our green speeds will be close to 13 [feet per roll],\u201d Zimmers said. \u201cOn average, a golf course, they\u2019re probably more close to 10. So it\u2019s just part of our culture here, part of our history.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For those watching the tournament in person and eager to test Oakmont\u2019s greens for themselves, a replica of the 18th green will be available for spectators. <\/p>\n<p>So what would Zimmers, who knows Oakmont\u2019s greens like few others, recommend for a putter navigating these slippery surfaces?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou\u2019ve got to keep the ball in the fairway,\u201d he said. \u201cYou\u2019ve got to be on the greens. You\u2019ve got to be below where the holes are so you\u2019re not putting downhill to them, and you\u2019ve got to stay out of the bunkers.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>At Oakmont, that\u2019s easier said than done. <\/p>\n<p><em>Elizabeth Bloom: ebloom@post-gazette.com, 412-263-1750 and Twitter: @BloomPG<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The putting surfaces at Oakmont are well-known for being firm, fast and challenging&#8230;but what makes them that way?\n<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/2016\/06\/12\/tough-turf\/\"> [...]<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[11,10,5],"tags":[],"coauthors":[16],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/06\/20160524ng-USOPENGREEN4-2.jpg?fit=1000%2C640&ssl=1","wps_subtitle":"The putting surfaces at Oakmont are well-known for being firm, fast and challenging...but what makes them that way?","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7unGv-v","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31\/revisions\/57"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usopen2016\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=31"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}