{"id":279,"date":"2016-06-09T00:00:40","date_gmt":"2016-06-09T04:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/?p=279"},"modified":"2016-07-13T12:07:46","modified_gmt":"2016-07-13T16:07:46","slug":"valley-forge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/valley-forge\/","title":{"rendered":"Valley Forge National Historical Park: Where an army and nation united"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"drop-cap\">G<\/span>eorge Washington selected Valley Forge for the exhausted Continental Army\u2019s third winter encampment during the Revolutionary War because of the site\u2019s proximity to Philadelphia and its grand natural features.<\/p>\n<p>Mount Joy, the Schuykill River and an open slope topped with earthworks defenses formed a protective triangle around broad fields and confounding hills where the wet, cold, hungry men could shelter and be trained as 1777 turned to 1778.<\/p>\n<p>Still, it is not grand vistas, but small things \u2014 a button, a book, a four-dollar note \u2014 in the collection at Valley Forge National Historical Park that best reflect the principal achievement of that notoriously hard season: From disparate parts, an army and nation, united.<\/p>\n<p>Take, for example, the button.<\/p>\n<p>Excavated at Valley Forge during a dig sponsored by the company that makes Log Cabin syrup, the cast pewter button from a Continental soldier\u2019s coat bears the entwined letters USA, with the S embracing the rim of the U and the leg of the A.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"747\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:8,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\\\/usparks\\\/valley-forge\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:110298382}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 747px; height: 294px;\" data-original-width=\"747\" data-original-height=\"294\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-3\" style=\"width: 103px; height: 294px;\" data-original-width=\"103\" data-original-height=\"294\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge1-1.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"99\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"149\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"284\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge1-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,1500\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Washington&#8217;s Headquarters at Valley Forge National Historical Park in Valley Forge Pa., Thursday, April 3, 2008. (AP Photo\/Matt Rourke) &lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge1-1.jpg?fit=200%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge1-1.jpg?fit=683%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge1-1.jpg?w=99&#038;h=149&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge1-1.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge1-1.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge1-1.jpg?resize=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 683w\" width=\"99\" height=\"149\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"99\" data-original-height=\"149\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Washington&#039;s Headquarters at Valley Forge National Historical Park in Valley Forge Pa., Thursday, April 3, 2008. (AP Photo\/Matt Rourke)\" style=\"width: 99px; height: 149px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Washington&#8217;s Headquarters at Valley Forge National Historical Park in Valley Forge Pa., Thursday, April 3, 2008. (AP Photo\/Matt Rourke) <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge9.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"99\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"66\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"292\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge9.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,667\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;A reconstructed hut where General Muhlenberg\u2019s brigade was quartered during the 1777 winter encampment at Valley Forge. (Credit: Kelley Wagers)&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge9.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge9.jpg?fit=747%2C498&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge9.jpg?w=99&#038;h=66&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge9.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge9.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"99\" height=\"66\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"99\" data-original-height=\"66\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"A reconstructed hut where General Muhlenberg\u2019s brigade was quartered during the 1777 winter encampment at Valley Forge. (Credit: Kelley Wagers)\" style=\"width: 99px; height: 66px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> A reconstructed hut where General Muhlenberg\u2019s brigade was quartered during the 1777 winter encampment at Valley Forge. (Credit: Kelley Wagers) <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge10.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"99\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"67\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"285\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge10.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,667\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;The reconstructed Muhlenberg huts are similar to more than a thousand huts built by the Continental Army on the grounds of the Valley Forge encampment. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette)&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge10.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge10.jpg?fit=747%2C498&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge10.jpg?w=99&#038;h=67&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge10.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge10.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"99\" height=\"67\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"99\" data-original-height=\"67\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"The reconstructed Muhlenberg huts are similar to more than a thousand huts built by the Continental Army on the grounds of the Valley Forge encampment. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette)\" style=\"width: 99px; height: 67px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> The reconstructed Muhlenberg huts are similar to more than a thousand huts built by the Continental Army on the grounds of the Valley Forge encampment. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 206px; height: 294px;\" data-original-width=\"206\" data-original-height=\"294\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge12-2.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"202\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"135\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"286\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge12-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,667\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;The visitor\u2019s center at Valley Forge National Historical Park features firearms and other objects from its voluminous collection of Revolutionary War-era military items. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette)&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge12-2.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge12-2.jpg?fit=747%2C498&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge12-2.jpg?w=202&#038;h=135&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge12-2.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge12-2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"202\" height=\"135\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"202\" data-original-height=\"135\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"The visitor\u2019s center at Valley Forge National Historical Park features firearms and other objects from its voluminous collection of Revolutionary War-era military items. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette)\" style=\"width: 202px; height: 135px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> The visitor\u2019s center at Valley Forge National Historical Park features firearms and other objects from its voluminous collection of Revolutionary War-era military items. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette) <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge2-2.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"202\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"151\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"288\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge2-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,750\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Valley Forge headquarters in the summer. (National Park service, U.S. Department of the Interior)&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge2-2.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge2-2.jpg?fit=747%2C560&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge2-2.jpg?w=202&#038;h=151&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge2-2.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge2-2.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"202\" height=\"151\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"202\" data-original-height=\"151\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Valley Forge headquarters in the summer. (National Park service, U.S. Department of the Interior)\" style=\"width: 202px; height: 151px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Valley Forge headquarters in the summer. (National Park service, U.S. Department of the Interior) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 438px; height: 294px;\" data-original-width=\"438\" data-original-height=\"294\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge13-3.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"434\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"290\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"287\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge13-3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,667\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;The artillery park at Valley Forge is where most of the canons were kept during the winter encampment. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette)&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge13-3.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge13-3.jpg?fit=747%2C498&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge13-3.jpg?w=434&#038;h=290&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge13-3.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge13-3.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"434\" height=\"290\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"434\" data-original-height=\"290\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"The artillery park at Valley Forge is where most of the canons were kept during the winter encampment. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette)\" style=\"width: 434px; height: 290px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> The artillery park at Valley Forge is where most of the canons were kept during the winter encampment. (Laura Legere \/ Post-Gazette) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>It was at Valley Forge that rebel soldiers began to get uniforms from the United States government instead of from their individual states, park archivist Dona McDermott explained. So a soldier who might once have looked at his fellow fighter\u2019s chest and seen the mark of New York or Pennsylvania would now see the same USA button on his coat and his comrade\u2019s.<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n<h2>Valley Forge National Historical Park<\/h2>\n<p>1400 N. Outer Line Drive<br \/>\nKing of Prussia, PA 19406<\/p>\n<p>1-610-783-1099<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/vafo\">Official Website<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>To get there:<\/b> It takes about 4\u00bd hours to drive from Downtown Pittsburgh.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hours:<\/b> The park grounds are open from 7 a.m. to 30 minutes after sunset every day year-round. The visitor\u2019s center is open 9 a.m.-5 p.m. daily except for some holidays. Other buildings, like Washington\u2019s Headquarters, are open daily from March to December and open on weekends in January and February. Park entry is free.<\/li>\n<li><b>Getting around:<\/b> Most visitors drive the 10-mile encampment tour route or walk or bike the 8.7-mile paved multi-use trail that leads to all of the park\u2019s major historical features. The park grounds also offer more rugged hiking trails.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fun fact:<\/b> The handrail in the stairway at Washington\u2019s Headquarters is the same one that\u2019s been there since before the 1777 winter encampment. So when you grab the handrail (as you should \u2014 the stairs are uneven) you\u2019ll steady yourself on a spot that was likely touched by George Washington and dozens of the house\u2019s other occupants, including Alexander Hamilton and the Marquis de Lafayette.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a reminder every day that you are now not a Virginian, not a Pennsylvanian, not a Delawarean. You are now a member of the United States,\u201d Ms. McDermott said, pointing to the nickel-sized button in a display case at the visitor\u2019s center at the park. \u201cYou know exactly what you belong to.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That founding principle \u2014 from many, one \u2014 recurs in the park\u2019s collections, whose items are on view in the park\u2019s exhibits or kept in locked vaults that are opened to researchers.<\/p>\n<p>The holdings come primarily from three sources: archeological digs, the John F. Reed collection of 18th century documents and the George C. Neumann collection of military artifacts. They include an astonishing arsenal of guns, swords, pole-arms and powder horns as well as various items of the day like leather breeches, shaving tools, wallets and a scarlet sash that was worn as an officer\u2019s uniform accessory and doubled as a hammock for carrying a wounded soldier off the battlefield.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are all kinds of little tchotchke things that people don\u2019t think about,\u201d Ms. McDermott said. \u201cWe think about muskets. We think about rifles, swords. We don\u2019t necessarily think about curling irons.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The collection includes paper money printed by the states as well as the new uniform Continental Currency authorized by Congress in May 1775 that created an alternative to English pounds and shillings and could be exchanged across colony lines.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cUnited Colonies\u201d money came in denominations like two-thirds of a dollar and was sometimes difficult to use with merchants who preferred the more certain value of hard British currency. But it made a point about togetherness: The design on one weathered bill in Valley Forge\u2019s collection that was printed in 1776 depicts the colonies as 13 conjoined rings circling a sunburst that reads, \u201cWe are one.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The park\u2019s collection also includes items that illustrate the tenuousness of the bond that was strained in the miserable conditions at the encampment.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"747\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:8,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\\\/usparks\\\/valley-forge\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:110298382}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 747px; height: 862px;\" data-original-width=\"747\" data-original-height=\"862\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 390px; height: 862px;\" data-original-width=\"390\" data-original-height=\"862\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge8-2.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"386\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"522\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"291\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge8-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"499,675\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Back of a three-dollar bill in Continental Currency printed in 1777, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge8-2.jpg?fit=222%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge8-2.jpg?fit=499%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge8-2.jpg?w=386&#038;h=522&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge8-2.jpg?w=499&amp;ssl=1 499w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge8-2.jpg?resize=222%2C300&amp;ssl=1 222w\" width=\"386\" height=\"522\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"386\" data-original-height=\"522\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Back of a three-dollar bill in Continental Currency printed in 1777, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park.\" style=\"width: 386px; height: 522px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Back of a three-dollar bill in Continental Currency printed in 1777, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park. <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge7-1.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"386\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"332\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"290\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge7-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"590,507\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Front of a three-dollar bill in Continental Currency printed in 1777, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge7-1.jpg?fit=300%2C258&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge7-1.jpg?fit=590%2C507&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge7-1.jpg?w=386&#038;h=332&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge7-1.jpg?w=590&amp;ssl=1 590w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge7-1.jpg?resize=300%2C258&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"386\" height=\"332\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"386\" data-original-height=\"332\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Front of a three-dollar bill in Continental Currency printed in 1777, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park.\" style=\"width: 386px; height: 332px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Front of a three-dollar bill in Continental Currency printed in 1777, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park. <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 357px; height: 862px;\" data-original-width=\"357\" data-original-height=\"862\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge6.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"353\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"635\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"289\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge6.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"348,626\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Back of a six-shillings bill in New Jersey currency printed in 1776, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge6.jpg?fit=167%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge6.jpg?fit=348%2C626&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge6.jpg?w=353&#038;h=635&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge6.jpg?w=348&amp;ssl=1 348w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge6.jpg?resize=167%2C300&amp;ssl=1 167w\" width=\"353\" height=\"635\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"353\" data-original-height=\"635\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Back of a six-shillings bill in New Jersey currency printed in 1776, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park.\" style=\"width: 353px; height: 635px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Back of a six-shillings bill in New Jersey currency printed in 1776, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park. <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/Picture22.jpg?ssl=1\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"353\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"219\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"282\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/Picture22.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"636,394\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Front of a six-shillings bill in New Jersey currency printed in 1776, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park. \\r\\r*****&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/Picture22.jpg?fit=300%2C186&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/Picture22.jpg?fit=636%2C394&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/Picture22.jpg?w=353&#038;h=219&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/Picture22.jpg?w=636&amp;ssl=1 636w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/Picture22.jpg?resize=300%2C186&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"353\" height=\"219\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"353\" data-original-height=\"219\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\" alt=\"Front of a six-shillings bill in New Jersey currency printed in 1776, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park. *****\" style=\"width: 353px; height: 219px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Front of a six-shillings bill in New Jersey currency printed in 1776, from the John F. Reed collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park. ***** <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>Ms. McDermott lifted a clear box in the collection\u2019s vault to reveal the most famous item in the park\u2019s trove: a letter from Gen. Washington to the president of the Continental Congress in late December 1777, warning about the dire condition of the army, which lacked food, supplies and adequate clothing.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI am now convinced, beyond a doubt,\u201d he wrote, \u201cthat unless some great and capital change suddenly takes place in that line, this Army must inevitably be reduced to one or other of these three things. Starve, dissolve, or disperse, in order to obtain subsistence in the best manner they can.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Washington was prescient: by late February the force of 12,000 men that had marched into Valley Forge two months earlier was reduced through death, disease, attrition and desertion to 6,000 men in fighting condition with 2,000 more in the hospital.<\/p>\n<p>The winter encampment itself was, as one park placard puts it, \u201ca stew pot of languages, regional identities and motivations.\u201d Soldiers in the Continental Army came from every state or were foreign-born. Their officers were guided by different rule books \u2014 military manuals of arms written in French or German that they brought from their home countries or bought from their local book seller.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTry and command people with different rule books!\u201d Ms. McDermott said.<\/p>\n<p>So Washington instructed Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben \u2014 a Prussian who came to America with military training, an Italian greyhound named Azor and a penchant for swearing \u2014 to devise a standard method for the army\u2019s drills and maneuvers to train the men at Valley Forge.<\/p>\n<p>Steuben\u2019s techniques were successful. He is credited with unifying a fighting force of 15,000 that marched out of Valley Forge toward Monmouth Courthouse, N.J., in June 1778 and battled the better-prepared British to a draw.<\/p>\n<p>Steuben\u2019s military manual was first formally printed in 1779 and was used by the U.S. Army until 1814. Ms. McDermott gently paged through Valley Forge\u2019s restored first edition of the book, which includes tiny illustrations of men on horseback to demonstrate proper positioning on the field.<\/p>\n<p>Valley Forge\u2019s collection also demonstrates that the encampment\u2019s history was not just recorded by great men and it wasn\u2019t just written on paper.<\/p>\n<p>A prized item in the collection is a powder horn engraved by a teenage soldier from Connecticut named Jabez Rockwell who had lost his horn on the way to Valley Forge. He was one of just a handful of soldiers at the camp to receive a replacement horn from the few cattle slaughtered that winter for the army\u2019s meat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJabez won the lottery for the horn,\u201d Ms. McDermott said. \u201cFor him, this was like a million dollars.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He inscribed his name, hometown and \u201cHis horn\u201d into the container, as well as the first name in a list of important sites in his army career where the horn kept his powder dry: Valley Forge.<\/p>\n<p>It is not the loveliest powder horn of the dozens in the collection, which includes professionally engraved pieces from different centuries and regions depicting deer, fish, forts, masted ships, palm trees, even a tiny dripping still. But it is the archivist\u2019s favorite.<\/p>\n<p>Jabez Rockwell went on to fight at the battles of Monmouth and Yorktown. A century later his grandson donated the horn to Valley Forge where it tells its story succinctly but with particular elegance.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI love this horn because it was here at Valley Forge,\u201d Ms. McDermott said. \u201cIt was part of the food. This cow fed the army.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Laura Legere: llegere@post-gazette.com<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Small things stand out in telling the big story of the Continental Army\u2019s winter encampment during the Revolutionary War.\n<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/valley-forge\/\"> [...]<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":283,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"coauthors":[12],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/06\/ValleyForge.jpg?fit=1000%2C750&ssl=1","wps_subtitle":"Small things stand out in telling the big story of the Continental Army\u2019s winter encampment during the Revolutionary War","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7sNEa-4v","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=279"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279\/revisions\/311"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=279"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsinteractive.post-gazette.com\/usparks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}